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HorseVeterinarian.AI Bridle & Bit Magazine
🏥 15 In-Depth Condition Guides

Common Equine Conditions

In-depth educational guides on the conditions horse owners are most likely to encounter — what each condition is, how to recognize it, the risk factors, what to do, and how to have informed conversations with your veterinarian. These guides are educational; diagnosis and treatment require a licensed equine veterinarian.

15 Full Guides
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Vet Q&A Every Guide
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Know What You're Dealing With Before the Emergency

From colic and laminitis to EPM and pigeon fever, most equine health conditions are more manageable when horse owners understand the basics — what the condition is, what triggers it, which signs are urgent, and what questions to ask your veterinarian. Each guide below provides that foundation.

All 15 Condition Guides
🤕 Digestive · Emergency
Colic
The most common veterinary emergency in horses — abdominal pain that ranges from mild and self-limiting to life-threatening surgical emergency within hours. Covers all colic types, vital signs assessment, the call your vet will ask for, what to do and not do while waiting, and prevention.
Potential EmergencyMost CommonSurgery Risk
🦶 Hoof · Serious · Metabolic
Laminitis & Founder
Inflammation of the sensitive laminae within the hoof capsule — one of the most serious and potentially career-ending conditions in equine medicine. The PPID and EMS connection, three clinical stages, recognition, risk factors, and the most important prevention steps.
Emergency — Call VetPPID ConnectionPreventable
🔥 Digestive · Performance
Gastric Ulcers (EGUS)
EGUS affects 60–90% of performance horses — yet signs are often subtle enough to be missed or attributed to training resistance. Covers squamous vs. glandular disease, why gastroscopy is the only definitive diagnosis, treatment, and prevention for the performance horse.
Very CommonPerformance ImpactUnderdiagnosed
🧪 Endocrine · Aging Horses
Cushing's Disease (PPID)
PPID affects 20%+ of horses over 15 and is the most common endocrine disorder in aging horses — and one of the most underdiagnosed. Annual ACTH testing, pergolide treatment, and early management dramatically improve quality of life and reduce laminitis risk.
ACTH Testing Critical20%+ Over 15Highly Manageable
🦴 Hoof · Lameness · Career-Limiting
Navicular Syndrome
Palmar foot pain from navicular bone, DDFT, and bursal disease is a leading cause of forelimb lameness in performance horses. Modern imaging (MRI) has revealed that the navicular bone itself is often not the primary pain source — the DDFT and bursa frequently are.
Leading Lameness CauseMRI Changes DiagnosisManageable
🔗 Back · Performance · Often Missed
Kissing Spine (ODSP)
Overriding dorsal spinous processes produce back pain that presents as behavioral resistance, bucking, cold back, and performance decline — signs consistently misidentified as training problems. Understanding this condition is essential for any performance horse owner.
Back PainMisidentified as AttitudeSaddle & Rider Impact
🦠 Infectious · Highly Contagious
Strangles
Streptococcus equi — one of the most contagious equine diseases worldwide. Covers the complete clinical course, abscess management, antibiotic controversy, outbreak biosecurity protocols, complications (bastard strangles, purpura), and carrier detection.
Highly ContagiousOutbreak RiskBiosecurity Critical
💨 Respiratory · Chronic
Heaves / Equine Asthma (RAO)
Equine asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in stabled horses. Environmental modification — reducing airborne allergens — is the most impactful intervention, more effective than medication alone. Full spectrum from mild IAD to severe heaves covered.
Common in Stabled HorsesEnvironmental DriverChronic Management
🧠 Neurological · North America
EPM (Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis)
Sarcocystis neurona infection of the CNS — the most common neurological disease in North American horses. Asymmetric ataxia, the AAEP grading scale, the diagnostic challenge of high background seropositivity, FDA-approved treatments, and opossum exclusion.
NeurologicalNorth America OnlyAlways Urgent
🐦 Bacterial · Western US · Seasonal
Pigeon Fever
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is endemic in Arizona and the western US — seasonal bacterial disease peaking August–November. Three clinical forms (external abscesses, ulcerative lymphangitis, internal) with very different prognoses. Internal form requires aggressive treatment.
Arizona EndemicSeasonalFly Transmission
⚠️ Viral · Contagious · EHM Risk
Equine Herpesvirus (EHV-1 & EHV-4)
EHV is endemic worldwide — most horses have been exposed. The neurological form (EHM) causes outbreaks at events, is reportable, and can be fatal. Covers EHV-1 vs. EHV-4 distinction, EHM signs, abortion in mares, post-event monitoring, and biosecurity.
ContagiousEHM ReportableEvent Risk
🦶 Hoof · Preventable · Common
Thrush
The most common and most preventable hoof infection — anaerobic bacterial degradation of the frog. Daily hoof picking is both the best prevention and the primary treatment. Severity classification, owner management protocol, contracted heel complication, and when to involve the vet.
Very CommonPreventableDaily Hoof Pick
🌧️ Skin · Bacterial · Contagious
Rain Rot (Dermatophilosis)
Dermatophilus congolensis skin infection — matted crusty tufts on the topline and lower legs. Contagious horse-to-horse via flies and shared equipment. Crust removal is the essential first step of treatment — products cannot penetrate intact crusts. Pastern dermatitis (mud fever) variant covered.
ContagiousPreventableSeasonal
🪲 Parasites · Seasonal · Annual Treatment
Bot Flies (Gasterophilus)
Seasonal parasites with a life cycle that spans external egg deposition through winter gastric larval development — not detected on fecal egg counts. Annual post-frost ivermectin or moxidectin treatment is the evidence-based management approach.
Annual TreatmentNot on FECArizona Season
⚡ Hoof · Performance
Quarter Crack
Vertical hoof wall fissures from medial-lateral imbalance — ranging from cosmetic to performance-limiting. Location, depth classification, stabilization methods (wiring, composites, bar shoe), the suture timeline reality (9–12 months for full hoof growth), and farrier-vet collaboration.
Hoof Balance DrivenFarrier–Vet CollaborationLong Timeline

Quick Reference — Condition Urgency at a Glance

ConditionUrgencyKey Sign to Watch ForFirst Action
ColicImmediateAny abdominal pain — pawing, rolling, looking at flanksCall vet; take vitals; remove feed
LaminitisCall Vet Same DayCamped-out stance; bounding digital pulse; reluctance to moveCall vet; remove from pasture; no forced walking
StranglesSame DayFever; yellow-green nasal discharge; swollen jaw lymph nodesIsolate immediately; call vet; notify exposed contacts
EHV / EHMImmediate if neurologicalFever post-event; hindlimb ataxia; urinary incontinenceIsolate; call vet; post-event temp monitoring for 14 days
EPMImmediateAsymmetric ataxia; stumbling; hindlimb weaknessRestrict movement; call vet; do not ride
PPID / Cushing'sSame Day — Non-EmergencyCoat failure to shed in spring; topline muscle loss; recurrent laminitisAnnual ACTH test; start pergolide if confirmed
Heaves / AsthmaSame Day if AcuteLabored breathing at rest; chronic cough; heave lineMove outdoors; call vet; hay soaking or alternative forage
NavicularSchedule EvaluationIntermittent forelimb lameness; pointing at rest; choppy strideSchedule lameness evaluation; appropriate hoof balance
Kissing SpineSchedule EvaluationCold back; bucking at transitions; resistance to collectionSchedule veterinary back evaluation; saddle fit assessment
Pigeon FeverSame DayFirm painful swelling on chest or belly; fever; weight lossCall vet; isolate from others; aggressive fly control
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